The Hindu : Sci-Tech / Internet : Now, Google worth one billion page views a day

The Hindu : Sci-Tech / Internet : Now, Google worth one billion page views a day: "- Sent using Google Toolbar"

SIT BACK, RELAX

& ENJOY !

Facts about India !

Part -2

India's

Civilized Past

India

India never invaded any country in her last 10,000 years of history.

It is the only society in the world which has never known slavery.

India was the richest country on Earth until the time of the British in the early 17th Century

Robert Clive’s personal wealth amassed from the blunder of Bengal during 1750’s was estimated at around £401,102

It has been estimated that the total amount of treasure that the British looted from India had already reached £1,000,000,000 (£1Billion) by 1901.

Taking into consideration interest rates and inflation

this would be worth close to $1,000,000,000,000

($1Trillion) in real-terms today.

Vedic Civilization

Indus & Saraswati Civilizations

Rise of Jainism and Buddhism

Mauryan Period

Golden Age of Indian Arts & Sciences

Muslim Invasions

The Mughal Empire

Portuguese Invasion

The British East-India Company

The British Empire

India's Freedom Struggle

Independence

Modern India 2020 Vision

A Brief History of Time

India

• India invented the Number System. Zero was invented by Aryabhatta. The place value system, the decimal developed in India in 100 BC. Aryabhatta was the first to explain spherical shape, size ,diameter, rotation and correct speed of Earth in 499 AD.
• The World's first university was established in Takshila in 700 BC. Students from all over the World studied more than 60 subjects.
• The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century was one of the greatest achievements of ancient India in the field of education.
• Sanskrit is considered the mother of all higher languages. Sanskrit is the most precise, and therefore suitable language for computer software - a report in Forbes magazine, July 1987.

Ayurveda is the earliest school of medicine known to humans. Charaka, the father of medicine consolidated Ayurveda 2500 years ago.

• Today Ayurveda is fast regaining its rightful place in civilization.
• Christopher Columbus was attracted India's wealth and was looking for route to India when he discovered the American continent by mistake.
• The art of Navigation was born in the river Sindh 6000 years ago. The word ‘Navigation’ is derived from the Sanskrit word NAVGATIH. The word navy is also derived from Sanskrit 'Nou'.
• In Siddhanta Siromani (Bhuvanakosam 6) Bhaskaracharya II described about gravity of earth about 400 years before Sir Isaac Newton. He also had some clear notions on differential calculus, and the Theory of Continued Fraction.

Languages of India

Hindi

Sanskrit

Tamil

Gujarati

Urdu

Punjabi

Malayalam

Bengali

Marathi

Konkani

Kannada

Assamese

Telegu

Oriya

Rajasthani

Sindhi

The Vedas are the oldest written text on our planet today.

They date back to the beginning of Indian civilization and

are the earliest literary records of the human mind.

They have been passed through oral tradition for over

10,000 years, and first appeared

in written form between 2500 - 5,000 years ago.

Veda means “Knowledge” in Sanskrit.

>

The Ancient Vedic Hymns

Rig Veda - Knowledge of Hymns, 10,859 verses

“There is only one truth, only men describe it in different ways.“

Yajur Veda - Knowledge of Liturgy, 3,988 verses

Sama Veda - Knowledge of Classical Music, 1,549 verses

Ayur Veda - Knowledge of Medicine, over 100,000 verses

Upanishads

Jyotisha – Astrology and Astronomy.

Kalpa – Rituals and Legal matters.

Siksha – Phonetics.

Aitareya – Creation of the Universe, Man and Evolution.

Chandogya – Reincarnation, Soul.

Kaushitaki – Karma.

Kena – Austerity, Work, and Restraint.

Dharnur Veda – Science of Archery and War.

Mundaka – Discipline, Faith and warning of Ignorance.

Sulba Sutra – Knowledge of Mathematics

Yoga Sutra - Knowledge of Meditation

Kama Sutra - Knowledge of Love and Sex

Please click to advance >

Sanskrit (संस्कृत )

Sanskrit was the classical language of India, older than

Hebrew and Latin.

It is the oldest, most scientific, systematic language in the world. It became the language of all cultured people in India and in the countries that were influenced by India.

Sanskrit literally means “refined” or “perfected”

'measuring the earth’

'measuring triangular forms‘

‘first person pronoun’

‘the same’

mother

papa / father

brother

sister

geometry

trigonometry

door

me

name

smile

equal

matar

pitar

bhratar

svasar

gyaamti

trikonamiti

dvaar

ma

naman

smi

eka

Sanskrit meaning

English meaning

Sanskrit word

Please click to advance >

India

• Theory of Continued Fraction was discovered by Bhaskaracharya II.

• Indians discovered Arithmetic and Geometric progression. Arithmetic progression is explained in Yajurveda.

• Govindaswamin discovered Newton Gauss Interpolation formula about 1800 years before Newton.

• Vateswaracharya discovered Newton Gauss Backward Interpolation formula about 1000 years before Newton.

• Parameswaracharya discovered Lhuiler’s formula about 400 years before Lhuiler.

• Nilakanta discovered Newton’s Infinite Geometric Progression convergent series.

• Positive and Negative numbers and their calculations were explained first by Brahmagupta in his book Brahmasputa Siddhanta.

• Aryabhatta also propounded the Heliocentric theory of gravitation, thus predating Copernicus by almost one thousand years.

• Madhavacharya discovered Taylor series of Sine and Cosine function about 250 years before Taylor.

• Madhavacharya discovered Newton Power series.

• Madhavacharya discovered Gregory Leibnitz series for the Inverse Tangent about 280 years before Gregory.

• Madhavacharya discovered Leibnitz power series for pi about 300 years before Leibnitz.

• Bhaskaracharya calculated the time taken by the earth to orbit the sun hundreds of years before the astronomer Smart. Time taken by earth to orbit the sun: (5th century) 365.258756484 days

• Infinity was well known for ancient Indians. Bhaskaracharya II in Beejaganitha(stanza-20) has given clear explanation with examples for infinity

Please click to advance >

Similarities to Greek mythology

Hercules (Herakles) fighting the Lernaean Hydra

Krishna (Harekrsna) fighting the Kaliya Serpent

Please click to advance >

Similarities to Greek mythology

Dionysus (Dionysos) holding a Trident

Shiva, holding the Trident, resting on a leopard skin with a Cobra perched beside him, his abode is Mount Kailas, Himalayas

Dionysus (Dionysos) encircled with a snake, with leopard by his side, with the moon in the background, his abode is Mount Olympus

Please click to advance >

Similarities to Biblical mythology

The ancient Vedic Aryan Hindus (Indus Saraswati) spoke about a

series of Ten Pitris who ruled before the global Flood.

Ancient Babylonian legend speaks of a pre-Flood series of ten kings.

The ancient Egyptians described Ten Shining Ones who ruled consecutively

before the Deluge.

The last of these kings in the aforementioned lists was the hero who led seven

others aboard a vessel in which they survived the global Flood.

In ancient India, the hero was Manu who survived the global-Flood

"pralaya" with the Seven Rishis.

In ancient Babylon, the hero's name was Zisudra who spear-headed the survival

on the Ark of seven other humans, the Seven Apkallu.

In ancient Egypt, the Flood hero was Toth who survived the Deluge along

with the Seven Sages.

Please click to advance >

Did the Vedic Aryans travel as far as Easter Island?

The Easter Islands located in the Pacific Ocean, were situated far away from any civilization.

The craftsmanship of these islands corresponds

to the one of the ancient Incas.

The sign script of the Easter Islands almost

equals the ancient scripts of Indus Valley.

Easter Island

symbols

Indus Saraswati

symbols

Were the Ancient Vedic civilisation of Indus Saraswati valley

Trans-Oceanic seafarers?

Please click to advance >

The Surya Siddhanta,

A textbook on astronomy of ancient India,

last compiled in 1000 BC, believed to be handed down from 3000 BC by aid of complex mnemonic recital methods still known today.

Showed the Earth's diameter to be 7,840 miles,

compared to modern measurements of 7,926.7 miles.

Showed the distance between the Earth and the Moon as 253,000 miles,

Compared to modern measurements of 252,710 miles.

India

• The value of "pi" was first calculated by Boudhayana, and he explained the concept of what is known as the Pythagorean Theorem. He discovered this in the 6th century long before the European mathematicians. This was ‘validated’ by British scholars in 1999.
• Algebra, trigonometry and calculus came from India. Quadratic equations were propounded by Sridharacharya in the 11th century.
• The largest numbers the Greeks and the Romans used were 106 whereas Hindus used numbers as big as 10⁵³ with specific names as early as 5000 BC during the Vedic period. Even today, the largest used number is Tera: 10¹².

Maharshi Sushruta is the father of surgery. 2600 years ago he and health scientists of his time conducted complicated surgeries like caesareans, cataract, artificial limbs, fractures, urinary stones and even plastic surgery.

• Usage of anesthesia was well known in ancient India. Over 125 surgical equipments were used.
• Detailed knowledge of anatomy, physiology, etiology, embryology, digestion, metabolism, genetics and immunity is also found in many texts.
• When many cultures were only nomadic forest dwellers over 5000 years ago, Indians established Harappan culture in the Sindhu Valley Civilization.

India

Brahmagupta, 630 A.D., said, the following about Gravity,

“Bodies fall towards the earth as it is in the nature of the earth

to attract bodies, just as it is in the nature of water to flow".

The world famous and priceless “Kohinoor” diamond, which is set in the Crown of the British monarch (Queen Victoria and Elizabeth II), was acquired from India.

• According to the Gemological Institute of America, up until 1896, India was the only source for diamonds to the world.

• Chess (Shataranja or AshtaPada) was reportedly invented in India.

• The game of snakes & ladders was created by the 13th century poet saint Gyandev. It was originally called 'Mokshapat.' The ladders in the game represented virtues and the snakes indicated vices.

India

• RigVedas (1.50), a hymn addressed to the Sun, refers quite clearly that the Sun traverses 2,202 yojanas in half a nimesha. This is in fact refers to the speed of light.

• The World's First Granite Temple is the Brihadeswara temple at Tanjavur in Tamil Nadu. The shikhara is made from a single '80-tonne' piece of granite.

Kalarippayat - Origin of Martial arts – 200 BC

Kerala, South India, guardians of the origins of modern martial-arts,

influenced by Yoga and connected to the ancient Indian sciences of war (dhanur-veda) and medicine (ayur-veda).

The origin of kung-fu begins with the legend of a monk named Bodhidharma (also known as Ta Mo) who travelled from India to China around 500 A.D.

Manipuri

Bharata Natyam

Odissi

Mohini Attam

Kuchipudi

Kathakali

Classical Dance forms

India's ancient achievements in Medical Science

20^th Century

Yogsootra Cunavidhi

Definition of Sleep Prashna-Upanishad

Bose, 19^th Century

Mahabharat

Life in trees and plants

19^th – 20^th Century

Upanishad

16 Functions of the Brain Eitereya

Haneman, 18^th Century

S-Bhagwat (1-5-33)

A material producing a disease can prevent or cure the disease in minute quantity

20^th Century

Mahabharat

Developing Embyro in Vitro

(Mahabharat)(5500 BCE)

Mahabharat

Eitereya Upanishad (6000 BCE)

Shrimad Bhagwat

Shrimad Bhagwat

Mahabharat

Mahabharat

Heart Eitereya Upanishad -(6000 BCE)

RigVed

Shrimad Bhagwat

Mahabharat (5500 BCE)

RigVed (1-116-15)

Ancient Reference

20^th Century

Cell Division (in 3 layers)

19^th Century

Embryology

18^th Century

Micro-organisms

Not yet

Elongation of Life in confirmed Space Travel

Not possible yet

Not possible yet

Test Tube Babies ( from the ovum only)

Test Tube Babies ( from the sperm only)

1860 – 1910 A.D.

Chromosomes

20^th Century

Parthenogenesis

Robinson, 1972

Beginning of the Foetal

Labyrinth

Analysis of Ears

20^th Century

Combination of Male and Female

1890 A.D.

Number of Chromosomes (23)

20^th Century

Artificial Limb

Modern Reference

Knowledge

India's ancient achievements in Physical Science

1800 A.D.

Shrimad Bhagwat (4000 B.C.)

Atom (Divisible) & (Indivisible)

----

RigVed,Ramayana,Samarangan Sutradhara (1050 A.D.)

Aeroplanes

----

Samarangan Sutradhara (1050 A.D.)

Robot

----

Valmiki Ramayan (7300 B.C)

Entry in South America by Aeroplanes

1960 A.D.

Valmiki Ramayan (7300 B.C)

Phosphorescent Trident at the Bay of Pisco, Peru, S.America

RigVed (23720 B.C)

Eitereya Upanishad (6000 BCE)

Vishvaruchi(Mundakopanishad)

Spullingini (Mundakopanishad)

Manojava (Mundakopanishad) Sudarshan,

Sulohita (M.U)

Sudhumravarna - (Mundakopanishad - M.U)

(6000 B.C) Shankaracharya (500 B.C)

Shrimad Bhagwat (4000 BC)

Mahabharat (5500 BC)

RigVed - Sayan Bhashya (1400 A.D)

Ancient Reference

20^th Century

Black Holes

19^th Century

Embryology

----

Monsoon at Summer Solstice

20^th Century

Nuclear Energy

1968

Tachyons faster than light

----

Infra-Red Band

----

Ultraviolet Band

17^th Century

Gravitational Force (Prashnopanishad)

Under trials

Space Travel to another solar system

17-19^th Century

Trans-Saturnean Planets

19^th Century

Velocity of Light

Modern Reference

Knowledge

Sights of India

Mount Kailas, Himalayas

“abode of snow” – in Sanskrit

The Beauty of Kashmir


Varanasi, Ganges River,

Western Thar Desert, Rajasthan

“Gods blessed region”, Kerala
The deities of India

1 Billion people, 1 Billion Deities !

Rama

Ganesha

Saraswati

Lakshmi

Nanak

Buddha

Christ

Devi

Krsna

Murugan

Destroyer

Shiva

Preserver

Vishnu

Creator

Brahman

The Trinity

The Ancient Indian Epics

Ramayana

Mahabharata

Longest Epic in world literature with 100,000 two-line stanzas, first composed about 5000 years ago.

The first Indian epic consisting of 24,000 verses divided into 7 books, composed about 6500 years ago.

Please click to advance >

“After many births the wise seek refuge in me, seeing me everywhere and in everything. Such great souls are very rare.”

"Your very nature will drive you to fight, the only choice is what to fight against.”

“On action alone be your interest, Never on its fruits.
Let not the fruits of action be your motive,
Nor be thy attachment to inaction. “

“This is how actions were done by the ancient seekers of freedom; follow their example: act, surrendering the fruits of action.”

“For certain is death for the born,

and certain is birth for the dead;
Therefore over the inevitable you should not grieve. “

“For the uncontrolled there is no wisdom. For the uncontrolled there is no concentration, and for him without concentration, there is no peace. And for the unpeaceful how can there ever be happiness? “

“When a man dwells on the objects of sense, he creates an attraction for them; attraction develops into desire, and desire breeds anger.“

The words of Lord Krishna in the Bhagavad Gita.

Lord Krsna counsels Prince Arjuna during the Great Mahabharata War, in Kurukshetra, India, circa 3100 B.C.,

The 4 kinetic ideas behind Hindu Vedic Spirituality

Karma

Maya

Nirvana

Yoga

The law of universal causality, which connects man with the cosmos and condemns him to transmigrate.

The world is not simply what it seems to the human senses.

Absolute reality, situated somewhere beyond the cosmic illusion woven by Maya and beyond human experience as conditioned by Karma.

The state of absolute blessedness, characterized by release from the cycle of reincarnations; freedom from the pain and care of the external world; bliss.

Implies integration; bringing all the faculties of the psyche under the control of the self

Please click to advance >

is the Sanskrit word for;

Amen (Christian)

Amin (Muslim)

Aum (Hindu)

Hūm (Bhuddist)

“AUM” or “OM”

The first sound of the Almighty – Infinite Reality - Oneness with the supreme

I hope you enjoyed these
facts

The Power Veneath Your Feet

http://web-japan.org/trends/09_culture/pop100715.html

The Power Beneath Your Feet

A Japanese startup company is tapping into a new energy source, generating both electricity and hope that it could contribute to the battle against global warming. The company's flagship product works by converting physical pressure into electricity and has a wide range of potential applications.

In Bihar, electricity is produced from rice husk - SiliconIndia

In Bihar, electricity is produced from rice husk - SiliconIndia: "- Sent using Google Toolbar"

The Hindu : Sci-Tech / Energy & Environment : Solar plane takes off for 24-hour test flight

The Hindu : Sci-Tech / Energy & Environment : Solar plane takes off for 24-hour test flight: "- Sent using Google Toolbar"

The Legendary Lungi

Just as the national bird of Kerala is the Mosquito, her national dress is the 'Lungi'. Pronounced as 'Lu' as in loo and 'ngi ' as in 'mongey', a lungi can be identified by its floral or window-curtain pattern. The 'Mundu' is the white variation of lungi and is worn on special occasions like hartal or bandh days, weddings and Onam.

The Lungi is simple and 'down to earth' like the mallu wearing it. It is the beginning and the end of evolution in its category. Wearing something on the top half of your body is optional when you are wearing a lungi. The Lungi is a strategic dress. It's like a one-size-fits- all bottoms for Keralites.

The technique of wearing a lungi/mundu is passed on from generation to generation through word of mouth like the British Constitution. If you think it is an easy wearing it, just try it once! It requires techniques like breath control and yoga that is a notch higher than the Sudarshan kriya of AOL. A lungi/mundu when perfectly worn won't come off even iin a severe quake of 8 on the Richter scale. A lungi is not attached to the waist using duct tape, staples, ropes or velcro. It's a bit of mallu magic whose formula is a closely guarded secret, like the formula of CocaCola (of course, we do not want any of their factories in God's own Country, do we?)

A lungi can be worn 'Full Mast' or 'Half Mast' like a national flag. A 'Full Mast' lungi is when you are showing respect to an elderly or the dead. Wearing it at full mast has lots of disadvantages. A major disadvantage is when a dog runs after you. When you are wearing a lungi/mundu at full mast, the advantage is mainly for the female onlookers who are spared the ordeal of swooning at the sight of skinny, but very hairylegs.

Wearing a lungi 'Half Mast' is when you wear it exposing yourself like those C grade movie starlets. A mallu can play cricket, football or simbly run when the lungi is worn at half mast. A mallu can evenclimb a coconut tree wearing lungi in half mast. "It's not good manners, especially for ladies from decent families, to look up at a mallu climbing a coconut tree"- Confucius (or was it Kunjan Nambiar?)

Most mallus do the traditional dance kudiyattam (short form of Koodiyattam).

Kudi means drinking alcohol and yattam, spelled as aattam, means random movement of the male body. Note that 'y' is silent. When you are drinking, you drink, there is no 'y'(why?) . Any alcohol related "festival" can be enjoyed to the maximum when you are topless with lungi and a towel tied around the head. "Half mast lungi makes it easy to dance and shake legs" says Candelaria Amaranto, a Salsa teacher from Spain after watching' ‘ kudiyaattam' .

The 'Lungi Wearing Mallu Union' [LUWMU, pronounced LOVE MU], an NGO which works towards the 'upliftment' of the lungi, strongly disapprove of the GenNext tendency of wearing Bermudas under the lungi. Bermudas under the lungi is a conspiracy by the CIA. Keralites who believe in Marxism should strongly denounce it! It's a disgrace to see a person wearing Bermudas with corporate logos under his lungi. What they don't know is how much these corporates are limiting their freedom of movement and expression.

A mallu wears the lungi round the year, in all weather and any season. A mallu celebrates winter by wearing a colourful lungi with a phosphorescent pink swirly pattern. The Lungi provides good ventilation and brings down the heat between the legs. As we all know, a mallu is scared of global warming more than anyone else inthe world.

A lungi/mundu can be worn any time of the day/night. It doubles as a blanket at night. It is also a swing, swimwear, sleeping bag, parachute, facemask while entering/exiting toddy shops, shopping basket and water filter while fishing in ponds and rivers. It also has recreational uses like in 'Lungi/mundu pulling', a pastime in households having more than one male member. Lungi pulling competitions are held outside toddy shops all over Kerala during Onam and Vishu.

When these lungis are decommissioned from service, they become table cloths. Thus the humble lungi accompanies the Mallu through the ups and downs of life. Or all throughout the life of a true blue Mallu!

(An anonymous piece)

Subject: Sorry Germany, the mystic mollusc has spoken - Football - MSN India: Football News, Photos, Ranking Tournaments Schedules

I thought you would be interested in this article:http://sports.in.msn.com/football/article.aspx?cp-documentid=4119523

Not knowing this may leave a big hole in your pocket. Information you should have:

If you are getting caught quite often by traffic police, then please read on. From now onwards, the Traffic Police cannot catch a motorist just to examine the driving license or vehicle documents. They can catch you only if you have violated any traffic laws or if you are driving drunk.

Remember that when caught for traffic violation, the fine you pay must be limited to the violation. In other words, the police can't bloat the bill saying that you have no insurance cover or emission certificate, etc.

Many motorists do not know this. According to the law, no policeman can slap a penalty on you just because you have no insurance or emission certificate. If you have not purchased insurance cover for your vehicle, then the police officer must issue a notice, not impose penalty. You must be given 15 days' time to purchase insurance cover and one week for obtaining the emission certificate. Days later, meet the sub-inspector at his station with the insurance cover or emission certificate, so that he will annul the charge at once. Police can fine you only if you fail to produce these documents within the stipulated period. If your vehicle is brand new, then you need not bother about obtaining the emission certificate for one full year.

In response to a question as to why policemen fine people instantly without giving them time to obtain insurance cover or emission certificate, Additional Commissioner for Traffic Praveen Sood said, "Yes, it is a mistake. People must force policemen to issue notice or complain to me at least the following day.

The best way to teach the police a lesson is by filing a written complaint with their higher officials and, a week later, using the Right to Information Act (RTI) to know the action taken against them.

Remember, any question or application filed under RTI cannot be ignored and no official is bold enough to ignore the RTI Act.

(Praveen Sood - Additional Commissioner for Traffic – 022 - 22942276.)